The 28-year-old will go straight into Nigel Pearson's squad for Saturday's home clash with Coventry.
Vine, who started his career at Portsmouth, spent two years at Luton before a £2.5million deal in January 2007 saw him join Birmingham, who he helped clinch promotion to the Premier League.
He joined QPR in January 2008 following an initial loan spell, but while he was a regular last season the striker has not appeared for Neil Warnock's side this time around.
Source: Team Talk
Source: Team Talk